{"id":1173,"date":"2026-08-06T09:52:42","date_gmt":"2026-08-06T07:52:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/gbook-rebuild.local\/rodiny\/"},"modified":"2026-08-06T14:55:06","modified_gmt":"2026-08-06T12:55:06","slug":"rodiny","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/g-book.eu\/cs\/tematicke-rady\/rodiny\/","title":{"rendered":"Rodiny"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n

Tematickou \u0159adu zpracovalo MeTRa Centre, Bolo\u0148sk\u00e1 univerzita (It\u00e1lie)<\/em> \u00a0<\/strong> V beletrii pro d\u011bti \u010dasto hraj\u00ed \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed roli rodiny a mnoho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f se odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 v dom\u00e1c\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed. \u201eKni\u017en\u00ed\u201c rodiny, na rozd\u00edl od t\u011bch \u201eskute\u010dn\u00fdch\u201c, jsou nicm\u00e9n\u011b st\u00e1le \u010dasto zobrazov\u00e1ny jako tradi\u010dn\u00ed nukle\u00e1rn\u00ed rodiny: otec, matka, d\u011bti. Takov\u00e9 stereotypn\u00ed zobrazen\u00ed je i dnes p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 \u010dasto prezentov\u00e1no jako norma, co\u017e ignoruje slo\u017eitost a rozmanitost ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u017eivota, kter\u00fd v\u011bt\u0161ina d\u011bt\u00ed pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1, a to jak p\u0159\u00edmo, tak skrze \u017eivoty sv\u00fdch kamar\u00e1d\u016f*ek. Jak poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 Mary Hoffman v knize The Great Big Book of Families: \u201eKdysi vypadala v\u011bt\u0161ina rodin v knih\u00e1ch takto: jeden tat\u00ednek, jedna maminka, jeden mal\u00fd chlapec, jedna mal\u00e1 hol\u010di\u010dka, jeden pes a jedna ko\u010dka. Ale v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b maj\u00ed rodiny nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed podoby a tvary.\u201c D\u011btsk\u00e1 literatura a obr\u00e1zkov\u00e9 knihy byly p\u0159edm\u011btem \u010detn\u00fdch anal\u00fdz, kter\u00e9 odhalily jejich roli p\u0159i utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed a posilov\u00e1n\u00ed genderov\u00fdch stereotyp\u016f prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed mu\u017esk\u00fdch a \u017eensk\u00fdch postav, genderov\u00fdch rol\u00ed a asymetrick\u00fdch vztah\u016f mezi mu\u017ei a \u017eenami. Zejm\u00e9na \u017eensk\u00e9 postavy b\u00fdvaj\u00ed nedostate\u010dn\u011b zastoupen\u00e9 a nav\u00edc pasivn\u00ed; v\u011bt\u0161inou jsou zobrazov\u00e1ny v uzav\u0159en\u00fdch prostorech, kde pln\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00ed role. Pokud jde o rodi\u010de a jejich role, matky i otcov\u00e9 b\u00fdvaj\u00ed zobrazov\u00e1ni stereotypn\u011b. St\u00e1le p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed stereotypn\u00ed genderov\u00e9 role a dominuje tradi\u010dn\u00ed stereotypn\u00ed rodi\u010dovsk\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed: tradi\u010dn\u00ed model matky jako \u017eeny v dom\u00e1cnosti a otce jako \u017eivitele rodiny z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 i nad\u00e1le normou. Matky jsou nesobeck\u00e9, pe\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed, p\u0159ehnan\u011b l\u00e1skypln\u00e9 a\/nebo kontroluj\u00edc\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 a dom\u00e1ck\u00e9; jsou zobrazov\u00e1ny jako zanepr\u00e1zdn\u011bn\u00e9 dom\u00e1c\u00edmi pracemi a p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed o d\u011bti. Otcov\u00e9 jsou \u010dasto nedostate\u010dn\u011b zastoupeni, jsou \u201eneviditeln\u00ed\u201c, nep\u0159\u00edtomn\u00ed, nezapojuj\u00ed se do p\u00e9\u010de o d\u011bti a dom\u00e1c\u00edch \u010dinnost\u00ed, pracuj\u00ed mimo domov, nejsou l\u00e1skypln\u00ed a nedok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed vyjad\u0159ovat emoce. P\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00edm nerovn\u00fdch, hierarchick\u00fdch genderov\u00fdch a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch rol\u00ed jsou proto rodiny \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edm mechanismem vedouc\u00edm k podce\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eensk\u00fdch postav, vlastnost\u00ed a \u010dinnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se obecn\u011b d\u011bje v zobrazen\u00ed \u017eensk\u00fdch a mu\u017esk\u00fdch postav, jak d\u011bt\u00ed, tak dosp\u011bl\u00fdch. Sou\u010dasn\u011b jsou mu\u017esk\u00e9 postavy \u201euv\u011bzn\u011bny\u201c v rigidn\u00edch a konzervativn\u00edch p\u0159edstav\u00e1ch o maskulinit\u011b, kter\u00e9 omezuj\u00ed mo\u017enost alternativn\u00edch model\u016f. St\u00e1le p\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00ed heterosexu\u00e1ln\u00ed nukle\u00e1rn\u00ed rodiny a vysoce normativn\u00ed obrazy matek a otc\u016f. R\u016fzn\u00e9 reprezentace genderov\u00fdch norem a vzor\u016f jsou z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro socializaci d\u011bt\u00ed a rozvoj jejich identity. Je tedy nezbytn\u00e9 nab\u00eddnout v\u0161em d\u011btem knihy, kter\u00e9 odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed jejich \u017eivoty, knihy bez stereotyp\u016f, kter\u00e9 respektuj\u00ed a validuj\u00ed jejich zku\u0161enosti z r\u016fzn\u00fdch rodin. Inkluzivn\u00ed zobrazen\u00ed rodin m\u00e1 za c\u00edl potvrdit ka\u017edodenn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti d\u011bt\u00ed bez ohledu na to, jak\u00e9ho jsou typu. Rodiny ji\u017e nejsou homogenn\u00ed, ale mnohotv\u00e1rn\u00e9 a prom\u011bnliv\u00e9. Vyobrazen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zohled\u0148uje tuto realitu, ani\u017e by hierarchicky \u0159adilo r\u016fzn\u00e9 rodinn\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti, vych\u00e1z\u00ed vst\u0159\u00edc touze a pot\u0159eb\u011b d\u011bt\u00ed po p\u0159ijet\u00ed a soun\u00e1le\u017eitosti a z\u00e1rove\u0148 je u\u010d\u00ed rozmanitosti a respektu. Na pozad\u00ed mainstreamov\u00e9ho zobrazen\u00ed rodin a jejich \u010dlenstva knihy zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se \u201enetradi\u010dn\u00edmi\u201c rodinami zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed, jak je ka\u017ed\u00e1 zku\u0161enost s rodinou cenn\u00e1 a hodnotn\u00e1, \u017ee rodiny mohou m\u00edt r\u016fzn\u00e9 podoby a velikosti a \u017ee jedna rodina nen\u00ed lep\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e druh\u00e1. Knihy soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00e9 v t\u00e9to tematick\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b pom\u00e1haj\u00ed d\u011btem objevovat r\u016fzn\u00e9 podoby, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee rodina m\u00edt, a r\u016fzn\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby, jak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vytvo\u0159ena. Rodiny mohou b\u00fdt nukle\u00e1rn\u00ed (Una familia muy normal<\/em><\/a>), s jedn\u00edm rodi\u010dem (Una mamma e basta<\/em><\/a>;\u00a0Mara i tata<\/em><\/a>), stejnopohlavn\u00ed (Heather has two mommies<\/em><\/a>;\u00a0Le mie due mamme<\/em><\/a>;\u00a0Il matrimonio delle mie due mamme<\/em><\/a>;\u00a0Je ne suis pas une fille \u00e0 papa<\/em><\/a>;\u00a0Papa, c\u2019est quoi un homme haut s\u00e8k\u00e7uel?<\/em><\/a>;\u00a0Daddy\u2019s roommate<\/em><\/a>;\u00a0Mi pap\u00e1 es un payaso<\/em><\/a>;\u00a0Yo tengo dos mamas<\/em><\/a>), multietnick\u00e9 (Questa non \u00e8 una baby-sitter<\/em><\/a>); rodi\u010de mohou b\u00fdt rozvedeni a rodiny slo\u017een\u00e9 (Qual \u00e8 il segreto di pap\u00e0?<\/em><\/a>;\u00a0Yo tambi\u00e9n tengo un padre<\/em><\/a>;\u00a0Ma super famille<\/em><\/a>), d\u011bti mohou b\u00fdt adoptovan\u00e9 nebo v p\u011bstounsk\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010di (Matilde si fida<\/em><\/a>;\u00a0\u041e\u0441\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \/ Adoption<\/em><\/a>;\u00a0Welcome to the family<\/em><\/a>) a jejich rodi\u010de nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt jejich biologickou rodinou. Setk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi rodinami, n\u011bkdy lidsk\u00fdmi, jindy zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edmi (La famille dans tous ses \u00e9tats<\/em><\/a>;\u00a0Na\u0161e obitelji<\/em><\/a>;\u00a0\u00a1Maravillosas familias!<\/em><\/a>;\u00a0In famiglia<\/em><\/a>;\u00a0The great big book of families<\/em><\/a>;\u00a0Worm loves worm<\/em><\/a>), se d\u011bti u\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed a l\u00e1ska, nikoli pohlav\u00ed, biologick\u00fd p\u016fvod a barva pleti. Knihy zahrnut\u00e9 v t\u00e9to bibliografii oslavuj\u00ed rozmanitost a zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1vaj\u00ed mnohostrann\u00fd, pluralitn\u00ed a nediskrimina\u010dn\u00ed obraz rodin z hlediska jejich slo\u017een\u00ed, genderu a etnicity. Tyto knihy s rodinnou tematikou podporuj\u00ed kulturn\u00ed a mezilidsk\u00e9 porozum\u011bn\u00ed a u\u010d\u00ed d\u011bti v\u00fdznamu rozmanitosti, genderov\u00e9 rovnosti a respektu. Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm reprezentace rodin tak, aby zahrnovala pluralitu re\u00e1ln\u00fdch rodin, tyto knihy tak\u00e9 bo\u0159\u00ed genderov\u00e9 stereotypy, zejm\u00e9na pokud jde o zobrazen\u00ed rodi\u010d\u016f a jejich rol\u00ed. N\u011bkdy jsou matky a otcov\u00e9 samo\u017eivitel\u00e9 a jsou \u0161\u0165astn\u00ed a spokojen\u00ed; matky jsou siln\u00e9 a vynal\u00e9zav\u00e9, pracuj\u00ed a maj\u00ed kari\u00e9ru; otcov\u00e9 jsou zobrazov\u00e1ni, jak tr\u00e1v\u00ed \u010das s d\u011btmi, staraj\u00ed se o n\u011b, vykon\u00e1vaj\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00ed pr\u00e1ce nebo pom\u00e1haj\u00ed s dom\u00e1c\u00edmi a rodinn\u00fdmi povinnostmi, a sd\u00edlej\u00ed tak p\u00e9\u010di o d\u011bti a dom\u00e1cnost se sv\u00fdmi partnerkami; jsou tak\u00e9 zobrazov\u00e1ni jako bytosti s pocity a emocemi. N\u011bkter\u00e9 knihy se zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na vztah mezi otcem nebo matkou a jejich d\u00edt\u011btem a zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed hodnotu a v\u00fdznam siln\u00e9ho emocion\u00e1ln\u00edho pouta. Rodiny ale netvo\u0159\u00ed jen rodi\u010de: v t\u011bchto nov\u00fdch, mnohostrann\u00fdch, nestereotypn\u00edch portr\u00e9t\u016f skute\u010dn\u00fdch rodin nechyb\u00ed ani prarodi\u010de (Il trattore della nonna<\/em><\/a>;\u00a0W i nonni!<\/em><\/a>), sourozenci (Mia sorella \u00e8 un quadrifoglio<\/em><\/a>;\u00a0\u00a1Manda narices!<\/em><\/a>;\u00a0L\u2019une belle<\/em><\/a>\u00a0;\u00a0Oh, boy!<\/em><\/a>;\u00a0\u041c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043a\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0435\u0442\u0430\u0436 \/ Maslekjut on the upper floor<\/em><\/a>) a tety*str\u00fdcov\u00e9 (Il matrimonio dello zio<\/em><\/a>;\u00a0Willie and Uncle Bill<\/em><\/a>). Inkluzivn\u00ed zobrazen\u00ed rodin nazna\u010duje, \u017ee \u201epouto, kter\u00e9 spojuje rodinu, nen\u00ed pouto krve, ale pouto vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho respektu a radosti ze \u017eivota druh\u00fdch. To, co z n\u00e1s d\u011bl\u00e1 rodi\u010de a d\u011bti, nen\u00ed t\u011blo ani krev, ale srdce.\u201c (Sandro Natalini, In famiglia). \u00a0<\/p>\r\n

Vybran\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 knihy o rodin\u00e1ch:<\/strong><\/p>\r\n